In this paper, a heating strategy using high-frequency alternating current (AC) is proposed to internally heat lithium-ion batteries (LIB) at low temperatures.
This article reviews various internal heating methodologies developed in recent years for Li-ion batteries, including mutual pulse current heating, alternating current (ac) heating, compound heating, and all-climate-battery (ACB)-based heating. Specifically, the effects of low temperatures on Li-ion batteries are first outlined in terms of cell
The heating method for the battery packs includes internal and external heating [7]. In the external heating, the heat is produced outside the cells and then transferred into the cells through
A Li-ion battery heating method based on micro heat pipe array (MHPA) is proposed in this study. A three-dimensional model is established using COMSOL Multiphysics
The internal heating method utilizes the Joule heat generated by current passing through a conductor with a certain resistance value to heat the power battery, with the conductor being the power battery itself. The viscosity of the electrolyte inside the power battery increases at low temperatures, which hinders the movement of charge carriers
The internal heating method utilizes the Joule heat generated by current passing through a conductor with a certain resistance value to heat the power battery, with the
Low temperatures seriously affect the performance of lithium-ion batteries. This study proposes a non-destructive low-temperature bidirectional pulse current (BPC) heating
method schedules the order and timing of the charge/discharge period for groups of cells in a battery pack during internal pre-heating. We performed pack-level simulation with realistic electro
Wang et al. [60] applied the air heating method to a battery pack. An air heating box with an inlet and an outlet was designed, in which 11 sets of resistance wires powered by an external power source are wound in parallel to heat the air. The heating box is directly connected in series to the original air cooling system so that the air flowing to the battery pack can be
Pulse charge-discharge experiments show that at −40 °C ambient temperature, the heated battery pack can charge or discharge at high current and offer almost 80% power.
Classical proportion integration (PI) control theory is introduced into in- vehicle internal heating technology of battery for the first time to propose a voltage-feedback preheating control
Similar to PTC heating, by placing wide-line metal films on the two largest surfaces of prismatic battery cells, a battery pack could be heated. Experimental results show that under 90 W heating power, the battery pack can be heated from −40 °C to restore 80% of the room-temperature discharge capacity in 15 min [93].
A Li-ion battery heating method based on micro heat pipe array (MHPA) is proposed in this study. A three-dimensional model is established using COMSOL Multiphysics software to analyze...
Pulse charge-discharge experiments show that at −40 °C ambient temperature, the heated battery pack can charge or discharge at high current and offer almost 80% power. In recent years, electric vehicles have developed rapidly.
Internal short circuit (ISCr) is one of the major obstacles to the improvement of the battery safety. The ISCr may lead to the battery thermal runaway and is hard to be detected in the early stage. In this work, a new ISCr detection method based on the symmetrical loop circuit topology (SLCT) is introduced. The SLCT ensures that every battery has the same priority in
The proposed method schedules the order and timing of the charge/discharge period for geometrical groups in a battery pack during internal pre-heating. We performed a pack-level simulation with
In this paper, a heating strategy using high-frequency alternating current (AC) is proposed to internally heat lithium-ion batteries (LIB) at low temperatures.
Unlike passive heating, active heating consumes energy to heat the battery pack within a short period. Various internal heating strategies, 77 including internal core heating through AC, 78, 79 internal resistance heating
Low temperatures seriously affect the performance of lithium-ion batteries. This study proposes a non-destructive low-temperature bidirectional pulse current (BPC) heating method.
Unlike passive heating, active heating consumes energy to heat the battery pack within a short period. Various internal heating strategies, 77 including internal core heating through AC, 78, 79 internal resistance heating 80 and mutual pulse heating, 81 and external heating strategies, such as the use of air and liquid, have been evaluated.
Bidirectional pulsed current (BPC) heating has proven to be an effective method for internal heating. However, current research has primarily focused on the impact of symmetrical BPC on battery
Abstract: AC pulse heating is a promising preheating method for lithium-ion batteries due to its low energy cost and high efficiency. To avoid the lithium plating in the AC
The best heating effect can be achieved at a frequency of 500 Hz (4.2C), and the temperature of the battery rises from 253.15 to 278.15 K within 365 s, for an average heating rate of 3.29 K/min
Abstract: AC pulse heating is a promising preheating method for lithium-ion batteries due to its low energy cost and high efficiency. To avoid the lithium plating in the AC heating, upper bound of heating current (UBHC) should be obtained. In this paper, the dual RC model is developed, and coupled with the thermal model to predict the battery
Classical proportion integration (PI) control theory is introduced into in- vehicle internal heating technology of battery for the first time to propose a voltage-feedback preheating control strategy. The control frequency and the ratio of nonzero vector and dead zone are discussed and determined. The battery current is adjusted indirectly by
Therefore, internal heating methods can heat each battery individually when heating the entire battery pack, which greatly improves the consistency of the temperature inside the pack. Additionally, compared with the external heating method, generating heat inside the battery also avoids the loss of heat during the heat transfer process and increases the rate of
Then the warm air could be sent to the battery pack by fans to heat the low-temperature batteries. The battery pack can be heated from −15 °C to 0 °C in 21 min. Song et al. experimentally validated the effectiveness of air heating using an external power source.
The internal heating method utilizes the Joule heat generated by current passing through a conductor with a certain resistance value to heat the power battery, with the conductor being the power battery itself.
The preheating strategies need to be further explored in a battery module/pack level since cell temperature homogeneity in a pack is critical to the overall performance of the battery pack and would affect its aging processes.
The strategy aims to strike a good balance between rapid heating of the battery at low temperatures and minimizing damage to the battery’s lifespan without the need for an additional power source.
For the embedded heating elements, Wang et al. embedded nickel foil inside the battery and utilized the heat generated by the nickel foil to heat the battery. Although this method can heat the battery from −20 °C to 0 °C in 20 s, it requires a redesign of the battery structure and the effect on battery safety is not clear.
A single heating system based on MHPA can heat battery packs from −30°C to 0°C within 20 minutes and the temperature distribution in the battery pack is uniform, with a maximum temperature difference of less than 3.03°C.
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