However, it is known that lead (PbI 2), tin (SnI 2), cadmium, silicon, and copper, which are major ingredients in solar cells, are harmful to the ecosystem and human health if discharged from broken products in landfills or after environmental disasters.
Request PDF | On Jun 1, 2013, LanLan LU and others published Pollution problems in the production process of solar cells | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate
Water use and wastewater discharge are particularly relevant for the sustainable and reliable production of silicon based solar cells [19], [63], [26], [53].Periods with droughts or reduced water availability can compromise the operation of water and energy intensive industrial processes, in extreme cases this could develop into a factories unplanned shutdown.
The environmental impacts of industrial silicon production and modified Siemens process for high-purity polysilicon production are 4.53 and 4.99, respectively. According to the
Crystalline silicon solar cells are today''s main photovoltaic technology, enabling the production of electricity with minimal carbon emissions and at an unprecedented low cost. This Review
The production of polysilicon and silicon wafers for solar panels creates dangerous by-products, in particular silicon tetrachloride and hydrofluoric acid, which are being
The production of hazardous contaminates, water resources pollution, and emissions of air pollutants during the manufacturing process as well as the impact of PV installations on land use are important environmental factors to consider. The present study aims at developing a comprehensive analysis of all possible environmental challenges as
Solar (or photovoltaic) cells based on inorganic materials, such as crystalline silicon (Si) (1st-generation solar cells), have shown great technological development; however, the still high cost of production in very specialized places, as well as its little flexibility in its structural characteristic, has made its massive use impossible. The so-called 2nd-generation
The PV system''s main areas for producing carbon emissions caused by pollutant discharge are as follows: the production of industrial silicon, polysilicon materials, silicon ingot, polysilicon sheets, cell sheets, and cell
In 2030, increases of 70% in energy consumption and 69% in water use are estimated for Chinese MG-Si and SoG-Si production. The most significant environmental impact is observed in silicon...
The results showed that more than 25% of overall environmental burden could be efficiently reduced by improving energy efficiency, choosing secondary aluminum for multi-Si production, and reducing multi-silicon wafer consumption for PV cell production. The results obtained in this study would be very helpful in increasing the life cycle
Of interest to solar cell manufacturers is to understand how these mechanisms manifest in a production environment and, more importantly, how to quickly diagnose and mitigate iron contamination...
Life cycle assessment on monocrystalline silicon (mono-Si) solar photovoltaic (PV) cell production in China is performed in the present study, aiming to evaluate the environmental burden, identify key factors, and explore approaches for potential environmental improvement. Results show that the impact generated from the categories of human toxicity,
The production of hazardous contaminates, water resources pollution, and emissions of air pollutants during the manufacturing process as well as the impact of PV
The environmental impacts of industrial silicon production and modified Siemens process for high-purity polysilicon production are 4.53 and 4.99, respectively. According to the quantitative results, the improvement focuses on reducing the power consumption of high-purity polysilicon in the production stage and optimizing the
Solar cells are largely made of silicon. But the silicon needs to be as pure as possible for the solar cells to have maximum efficiency. Over 90 per cent of the world''s solar cells are made of silicon, and the production of the world''s most environmentally friendly silicon for use in solar cells is happening in Norway. However, this process
It was found that the production route based on Solsilc silicon feedstock and RGS wafer technology can yield a 50% reduction of the environmental impacts in comparison with present-day standard...
The results showed that more than 25% of overall environmental burden could be efficiently reduced by improving energy efficiency, choosing secondary aluminum for multi-Si
Of interest to solar cell manufacturers is to understand how these mechanisms manifest in a production environment and, more importantly, how to quickly diagnose and mitigate iron contamination...
The production of polysilicon and silicon wafers for solar panels creates dangerous by-products, in particular silicon tetrachloride and hydrofluoric acid, which are being discharged into the...
High purity polysilicon is the core raw material of solar cell, which is considered as environmental protection product. Due to the high energy consumption and environmental pollution in the course of its life cycle, the life cycle assessment (LCA) method is used to quantitatively calculate its environmental impact and summarize its emission reduction. Firstly,
A comparative human health, ecotoxicity, and product environmental assessment on the production of organic and silicon solar cells (Tsang et al., 2016) 2015: Perovskite: Solution and vapour deposited lead perovskite solar cells ecotoxicity from a life cycle assessment perspective (SI) (Espinosa et al., 2015) 2015: Perovskite: Perovskite
Reshoring silicon photovoltaic manufacturing back to the U.S. improves domestic competitiveness, advances decarbonization goals, and contributes to mitigating climate change.
However, it is known that lead (PbI 2), tin (SnI 2), cadmium, silicon, and copper, which are major ingredients in solar cells, are harmful to the ecosystem and human health if
In 2030, increases of 70% in energy consumption and 69% in water use are estimated for Chinese MG-Si and SoG-Si production. The most significant environmental
There are several categories of electric vehicles (EVs), including hybrid electric and fuel cell electric vehicles as well as battery electric vehicles (BEV). In India, the EV market has exploded in recent years and the government has now set new targets to achieve a 30%-growth in private electric cars and an 80% growth in two- and three-wheelers by 2030.
In the present study, a life cycle inventory (LCI, i.e., solar glass, silicon, mono-Si wafer, and mono-Si solar PV cell production) for mono-Si PV production and its upstream data (i.e., coal-based electricity, road transport, aluminum production, and sodium hydroxide production processes)
The PV system''s main areas for producing carbon emissions caused by pollutant discharge are as follows: the production of industrial silicon, polysilicon materials, silicon ingot, polysilicon sheets, cell sheets, and cell modules.
In the present study, a life cycle inventory (LCI, i.e., solar glass, silicon, mono-Si wafer, and mono-Si solar PV cell production) for mono-Si PV production and its upstream data (i.e., coal-based electricity, road transport, aluminum production, and sodium hydroxide production processes) in China are used to quantify the environmental burden
Figure 5 shows the environmental impact of polycrystalline and monocrystalline silicon cell manufacturing in the US and China. It is notable that the amount of environmental impact in the manufacturing stage is higher than in the processing stage. The highest pollution in PV manufacturing corresponds to SO x, NO x, followed by PM 2.5 and CO.
Environmental impact of multi-crystalline silicon PV cell in China was assessed. Data were collected from modern and technically advanced industrial sites. Key factors that contributed the overall environmental burden were identified. Environmental burden could be efficiently reduced by improving energy efficiency. 1. Introduction
Stamford and Azapagic (2018) [ 17] studied the environmental effects of silicon-based PV systems in the UK, Spain, and China based on a life cycle evaluation approach to explore PV systems’ impact on the environment. They found that the manufacturing shift from Europe to China brought adverse environmental effects to China.
More specifically, it includes the production and extraction of industrial silicon, the production of polysilicon ingots, solar cells, equipment, the building of PV factories, transportation tools, and transportation processes.
Geographical distribution of silicon flows has been used to simulate the silicon required for PVs technologies from mining to manufacturing, including exports and imports in China and the US. Trade of high-purity silicon (6N-11N) in the US and China was analyzed based on mass flow and shared market value.
The results, shown in Fig. 6, indicate the annual reduction of environmental cost for silicon PV manufacturing in both countries after 2021. This reduction is mainly influenced by increased efficiency as well as reductions in material and electricity consumption.
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