Moreover, the effluent generally does not meet the standard due to the characteristics of anaerobic treatment, and an aerobic biological treatment must be added later. In order to make F- discharge meet the standard, Ca2+ is usually excessive. After defluorination, wastewater with high Ca2+ content will enter the biological treatment unit
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) consume large amounts of energy and thus cause an increase in carbon footprint. For this reason, it has become important not only to meet the discharge criteria in treatment plants, but also to reduce the carbon footprint resulting from treatment processes and energy use. In this study, the effect of
This paper aims to systematically review (1) the types and compositions of wastewater from PV cell production; (2) the treatment technologies for fluorine-rich, nitrate
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) consume large amounts of energy and thus cause an increase in carbon footprint. For this reason, it has become important not only to meet the
Standard systems are equipped with carbon filters, 5-micron filter bags at the inlet and outlet of the cation and anion canisters, and a UV lamp reactor at the discharge. Design Criteria: Flow rates from < 10 gpm to 100 gpm
Wastewater treatment optimization is often conducted and we discussed major treatment methods in solar cells manufacturing: treatment of HF discharges, neutralization and collection of isopropanol discharges. The paper
Wastewater treatment optimization is often conducted and we discussed major treatment methods in solar cells manufacturing: treatment of HF discharges, neutralization, and collection of...
This study introduces a novel wastewater treatment process, namely solar photovoltaic power generation-constructed wetland (SPPG-CW) and conducts a
The discharge standard of fluoride in industrial wastewater is 15 mgL −1 in some countries, while in others fluoride discharge limits are less than 20 mgL −1 if the wastewater can be cleared into a public sewer system, and less than 5 mgL −1 if the wastewater is settled into an aquatic environment; in some authorities, the fluoride discharge limit can be less than 2 mgL −1.
Wastewater treatment optimization is often conducted and we discussed major treatment methods in solar cells manufacturing: treatment of HF discharges, neutralization,
Firstly, a short description is provided of the main process steps of photovoltaic production and the types of waste water generated during these steps. Secondly, the typical waste water...
Firstly, a short description is provided of the main process steps of photovoltaic production and the types of waste water generated during these steps. Secondly, the typical waste water...
According to national industrial wastewater discharge standards, the mass concentration of F − should be less than 10 mg L −1, whereas, for drinking water, the maximum allowable mass concentration of F − is 1.0 mg L −1 [8]. Therefore, it is imperative to address the issue of photovoltaic wastewater treatment with utmost urgency.
Wastewater treatment optimization is often conducted and we discussed major treatment methods in solar cells manufacturing: treatment of HF discharges, neutralization and collection of isopropanol discharges. The paper discusses design of wastewater treatment system that is operational in practice.
Photocatalysis treatment of wastewater using solar energy is a promising renewable solution to reduce stresses on global water crisis. Rendering to the United Nation
Photocatalysis treatment of wastewater using solar energy is a promising renewable solution to reduce stresses on global water crisis. Rendering to the United Nation Environment Programme, 1/3 of world population live in water-stressed countries, while by 2025 about 2/3 of world population will face water scarcity.
Due to the anticipated increase in wastewater and the stringent discharge standards, the energy consumption of WWTPs is likely to increase significantly. Odabaş Baş and Aydınalp Köksal (2022) estimated that global wastewater production would increase by 24% in 2030 and 51% in 2050, reaching 5.74 × 10 11 m 3.
Standard systems are equipped with carbon filters, 5-micron filter bags at the inlet and outlet of the cation and anion canisters, and a UV lamp reactor at the discharge. Design Criteria: Flow rates from < 10 gpm to 100 gpm
When comparing wastewater discharge standards, it can be seen that limits vary considerably—although there is some commonality in determinants, such as TSS, COD, and BOD, TN. It is noticeable that the
Wastewater treatment is an energy-intensive process. The power consumed by a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) ranges from 1.2 to 5.2 kWh/kg TOD (Luo et al., 2019), while the cost of the electricity consumed by it generally accounts for 50 %–70 % of its total operating cost depending on the scale of its design, the treatment process, and requirements
This study introduces a novel wastewater treatment process, namely solar photovoltaic power generation-constructed wetland (SPPG-CW) and conducts a comprehensive evaluation of its performance on rural domestic sewage treatment. The findings reveal that the solar photovoltaic power generation unit ensures stable off-grid operation
In recent years, liquid ammonia, hydrogen peroxide and other raw materials are added to improve the production technology, and the quality of wastewater needs to meet the requirements for Discharge Standards for Pollutants of the Battery Industry (GB30484-2013).
Therefore, implementing wastewater discharge standards that are technologic and economically feasible, and in line with local conditions, is the future development of WWTPs. Moreover, according to the data of the National Development and Reform Commission, the wastewater treatment service charge from listed companies in the wastewater treatment
This paper aims to systematically review (1) the types and compositions of wastewater from PV cell production; (2) the treatment technologies for fluorine-rich, nitrate-rich, and ammonia-rich wastewater with a brief overview of high COD wastewater treatments; (3) existing challenges and future technological prospects in PV wastewater treatment
5.3 Disposal and discharge standards . The wastewater generated from the various sources as a byproduct has to be discharged from the site by certain methods. The waste water is as per regulations is to be treated befor discharge. The wastewater treatment is done to the extant that the treated water characteristics should meet the certain standards. These standards which
Three typical photovoltaic wastewater treatment technologies were described. Chemical precipitation is preferred for treating fluorine-rich wastewater. Biological method is the main treatment process of nitrogen-rich wastewater. The removal method and sequence of pollutants in mixed wastewater need attention.
Summary of actual PV wastewater treatment cases and methods (Note: TN in this table is mainly composed of NH 4+ -N and NO 3− -N; Comprehensive wastewater* refers to the mixed wastewater rich in fluoride and nitrate; Comprehensive wastewater** refers to the mixed wastewater of the three.).
If low-cost environmentally friendly catalysts can be found, the application of photocatalysis technology in PV wastewater could be promising. In short, of all the above methods, biological treatment is the most economically feasible and the primary choice for treating ammonia-rich and nitrate-rich wastewater.
However, the energy consumption increases if the influences mentioned above are improved. The process is generally treated using packed towers . To obtain a high removal rate, it is necessary to enlarge the size of the equipment or increase the number of equipment . So, it is not applicable to small PV wastewater treatment plants.
However, the biodegradability of PV wastewater is poor, necessitating the addition of carbon sources or improvements in biodegradability through hydrolysis and acidification. At the same time, this method cannot realize the ammonia recovery.
Both EC technology and chemical precipitation have high fluoride removal efficiency, and can be used for primary treatment of PV wastewater. However, when used alone, the effluent fluoride concentration is difficult to meet the standard.
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