The solar-powered devices for sodium hypochlorite generation we have investigated can have an impact beyond disinfecting water for isolated communities, and spur further innovation in one of the major electrochemical operations worldwide. This framework demonstrates that large, centralized chlor-alkali facilities could benefit from transitioning to
Sodium chloride, anhydrous is a colorless crystalline inorganic compound highly soluble in water. Our Sodium chloride anhydrous,is suitable molten salt to prepare different types of eutectic mixtures due to its high operation temperature for thermal energy storage (TES) materials and heat transfer fluids (HTFs) for next-generation concentrating solar power (CSP) systems.
The Liquid Pathway proposes the use of low-cost molten chloride salts for energy storage, mated with an operationally flexible solar receiver that employs liquid-metal sodium for heat capture and transfer to the storage salt. This approach leverages molten-salt technology from the current state-of-the-art CSP power towers embodied by plants
Results show that advanced CSP systems employing sodium and an indirect chloride salt storage can represent an economically viable solution and can drive towards the future goal of 5 USD/MWh....
Liquid sodium is widely recognised as an outstanding heat transfer fluid for thermal power generation systems, and in the context of concentrating solar power, is considered an enabler of
This study investigated the technical and economical operation of solar-powered sodium hypochlorite generators employing Si-based or GaAs-based PV technologies. The highest SCE ratios were obtained for MJ-driven devices,
With the integration of salt gradient solar pond hybrid systems, a maximum lower convective zone (LCZ) temperature of 90 °C, more than 50 % energy/exergy efficiency, and power generation of...
This work presents a techno-economic analysis of a sodium–chloride salt heat exchanger included in a sodium-driven CSP system with a supercritical CO₂ power block. A quasi-steady state heat
On-site generation of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) holds the potential to bring an efficient and cost-effective water disinfection method to isolated and remote locations. Solar
Molten salts (MS) in the 580°C range could be used to store excess energy from solar power stations and possibly from nuclear or coal. The energy can be stored up to a week in large containers at elevated temperature to generate eight hours of electricity to be used at night or during peak demand hours.
The Liquid Pathway proposes the use of low-cost molten chloride salts for energy storage, mated with an operationally flexible solar receiver that employs liquid-metal sodium for heat capture
This work presents a techno-economic analysis of a sodium–chloride salt heat exchanger included in a sodium-driven CSP system with a supercritical CO 2 power block. A quasi-steady state heat exchanger model was developed based on the TEMA guidelines, with the possibility of being customised in terms of media adopted, constraints
Fig. 2 illustrates a typical second generation CSP plant—a state-of-the-art commercial power tower CSP plant with a direct molten nitrate salt TES system [4] ch a CSP plant consists of four main parts—heliostats, a receiver tower, a molten salt TES system, and a power generation system. The sunlight is reflected by the heliostats to the central receiver on
This study investigated the technical and economical operation of solar-powered sodium hypochlorite generators employing Si-based or GaAs-based PV technologies. The highest SCE ratios were obtained for MJ-driven devices, outperforming 4SHJ and 5SHJ-powered systems.
This article provides a comprehensive review based on the most recent accomplishments in the progress of solar pond technologies, salinity gradient solar ponds (SGSPs) for hybrid solar power generation, and water desalination systems. Applications of these technologies, including refrigeration and air-conditioning, and domestic and
Molten salts (MS) in the 580°C range could be used to store excess energy from solar power stations and possibly from nuclear or coal. The energy can be stored up to a week in large
This work presents a techno-economic analysis of a sodium–chloride salt heat exchanger included in a sodium-driven CSP system with a supercritical CO 2 power block. A
The trick is to have all those mirrors heat up a massive tank fullof sodium and potassium nitrates that are pumped up to the top of the tower. There the molten salt can reach temperatures as high
Concentrating solar power (CSP), liquid sodium, advanced molten salt, chloride salt, heat exchanger (HX), shell and tube, CSP Gen3 Liquid-Phase Pathway, Modelica Keywords [sv] Termisk solkraft, CSP, flytande natrium, avancerat smält salt, kloridsalt, värmeväxlare (HX), skal och rör, CSP Gen3 Liquid-Phase Pathway, Modelica
A typical example of a salt is sodium chloride (NaCl), commonly known as ''table salt.'' Salts are typically named for their anion, or negatively charged component. Salts have typically high melting ranges, and molten salts are often used in energy technologies due to their reasonable thermodynamic properties at their melting temperatures. A more detailed
Results show that advanced CSP systems employing sodium and an indirect chloride salt storage can represent an economically viable solution and can drive towards the future goal of 5 USD/MWh....
On-site generation of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) holds the potential to bring an efficient and cost-effective water disinfection method to isolated and remote locations. Solar-driven,...
For solar power generation technologies, when water serves as the HTM, it is mainly used in the direct steam generation CSP systems 99 or some solar-based multi-energy hybrid systems (e.g., integrated solar-gas
With the integration of salt gradient solar pond hybrid systems, a maximum lower convective zone (LCZ) temperature of 90 °C, more than 50 % energy/exergy efficiency, and power generation of...
To reduce the levelized cost of energy for concentrating solar power (CSP), the outlet temperature of the solar receiver needs to be higher than 700 °C in the next-generation CSP. Because of extensive engineering application experience, the liquid-based receiver is an attractive receiver technology for the next-generation CSP. This review is focused on four of
On-site generation of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) holds the potential to bring an efficient and cost-effective water disinfection method to isolated and remote locations. Solar-driven,...
Valderrama et al. constructed a cylindrical SGSP for the capturing and storage of solar energy in the presence of salt (NaCl). The pilot plant achieved a maximum temperature of 55 °C in August and further studies were conducted on the stability of salt gradient and heat storage under different weather conditions.
Based on the design parameters of the CSP reference case, the heat exchanger model presented in Section 2 is characterised as a sodium-chloride salt heat exchanger. For safety precautions and to reduce thermal losses, sodium was placed on the tube side, while the chloride salt was on the shell side.
Chloride salt is dispatched to a supercritical CO2 (sCO2) power cycle to provide electric power to the grid. The design integration is a conceptual match for the current sodium receiver to solar salt storage to steam-Rankine power cycle promoted by developer Vast Solar, which may facilitate commercial acceptance and development.
In order to fill the identified literature gaps, this study proposes a techno-economic analysis of a sodium–chloride salt heat exchanger included in a sodium-based CSP system with a sCO 2 power block. Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of the investigated CSP layout.
The obtained LCOE values lower than 70 USD/MWh highlight that advanced CSP systems employing sodium and chloride salt TES can represent an economically viable solution and can drive towards the future goal of 5 USD/MWh. Table A.1. Auxiliary heat exchanger geometry calculations.
On the Path to SunShot: Advancing Concentrating Solar Power Technology, Performance, and Dispatchability Assessment of a novel ternary eutectic chloride salt for next generation high-temperature sensible heat storage Energy Convers. Manage., 167 ( 2018), pp. 156 - 164, 10.1016/j.enconman.2018.04.100
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