In this chapter, an overview of different types of batteries and the strategies for their recycling is given. The metal values from batteries and the waste generated so far and in
Recycling plays a crucial role in achieving a sustainable production chain for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), as it reduces the demand for primary mineral resources and mitigates environmental pollution caused by
This article focuses on the technologies that can recycle lithium compounds from waste lithium-ion batteries according to their individual stages and methods.
batteries. The main objective of such technologies is to enable the recycling of valuable elements present in the batteries, such as cobalt, nickel and copper, in a way which is both profitable and environmentally friendly. All the technologies used in the manufacture of lithium-ion batteries are constantly changing
In this study, a process for preparing battery-grade lithium carbonate with lithium-rich solution obtained from the low lithium leaching solution of fly ash by adsorption method was proposed. A carbonization-decomposition process was carried out to remove impurities such as iron and aluminum. First, primary Li2CO3 was treated by CO2 to get the more soluble
A review of separating methods used in domestic and electric vehicle lithium ion battery recycling is presented, focusing on physical processes which are commonly utilized prior to further chemical processing and purification steps. The four processes of stabilization, disassembly, separation and binder negation are reviewed and the strengths
In the process of dissolving decommissioned lithium batteries, the valuable elements in the spent batteries are leached in the leach solution with organic or inorganic acids. Then the free Li, Co, Ni in the leaching solution are
In the process of charging and discharging, so the lithium-ion battery is also called "rocking chair battery". As shown in Figure 3, lithium-ion batteries usually include the following different shapes: a) Prismatic cell, b) cylindrical cell, c)
This paper reviews the latest development of the recovery technology of waste lithium ion batteries, including the development of recovery process and products. In addition, the challenges and future economic and
The process of recycling used lithium-ion batteries involves three main technology parts: pretreatment, material recovery, and cathode material recycling. Pretreatment includes discharge treatment, uniform
With the increasing amount of electronic waste (e-waste) generated globally, it is an enormous challenge to recycle printed circuit boards (PCBs) efficiently and environmentally friendly. However
DESs enhance binder dissolution processes. Combining DES with other techniques improves efficiency. This review article explores the evolving landscape of lithium-ion battery (LIB) recycling, emphasizing the critical role of innovative technologies in addressing battery waste challenges.
Figure 2 illustrates the process of Cu dissolution during overdischarge and the formation of the ISCr induced by overdischarge. The internal short caused by Cu deposition occurs after the cell is
In this process, the dissolution process is assisted in a microwave oven to recover Co and Li from the spent LiCoO 2 battery. This process is compared with the conventional method and it is found that about 6 h is required to extract nearly 90% of Li and Co using mild organic acids whereas 85% of Li and Co are recovered in 25 mins by microwave-assisted
Lithium-ion batteries will face the risk of excessive self-discharge during long-term storage, especially at lower open-circuit voltages. Due to excessive self-discharge, the voltage of the lithium-ion battery may be too
Battery recycling is a downstream process that deals with end-of-life batteries of different types and health conditions. Many established battery-recycling plants require a
Battery recycling is a downstream process that deals with end-of-life batteries of different types and health conditions. Many established battery-recycling plants require a standardized presorting process to distinguish spent LIBs, as direct recycling reduces the efficiency of recovering valuable metals. The Umicore process does not include
This article focuses on the technologies that can recycle lithium compounds from waste lithium-ion batteries according to their individual stages and methods.
Recycling plays a crucial role in achieving a sustainable production chain for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), as it reduces the demand for primary mineral resources and mitigates environmental pollution caused by improper disposal.
This paper reviews the latest development of the recovery technology of waste lithium ion batteries, including the development of recovery process and products. In addition, the challenges and future economic and application prospects are described.
In this chapter, an overview of different types of batteries and the strategies for their recycling is given. The metal values from batteries and the waste generated so far and in the near future at the regional and global level are summarized. The advantage of resource recycling through the recovery of valuable metal ions is discussed.
The basic Li–S cell is composed of a sulfur cathode, a lithium metal as anode, and the necessary ether-based electrolyte. The sulfur exists as octatomic ring-like molecules (S 8), which will be reduced to the final discharge product, which is Li 2 S, and it will be reversibly oxidized to sulfur while charging the battery. The cell operation starts by the discharge process.
A review of separating methods used in domestic and electric vehicle lithium ion battery recycling is presented, focusing on physical processes which are commonly utilized
According to the comparison of the pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical recovery, both of them have aspects that need to be further strengthened in Table 1. [41-43] Therefore, the recovery process combining the two has been developed to further extract valuable products fully from SLIBs and obtain improved recovery efficiency.However, compared with
The process of recycling used lithium-ion batteries involves three main technology parts: pretreatment, material recovery, and cathode material recycling. Pretreatment includes discharge treatment, uniform crushing, and removing impurities. Material-recovery technology mainly involves traditional pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical
Because the waste battery materials in the industry usually come from a rough shredding process, the most available waste battery materials consist of both cathode and anode materials. However
Layered cathode materials are comprised of nickel, manganese, and cobalt elements and known as NMC or LiNi x Mn y Co z O 2 (x + y + z = 1). NMC has been widely used due to its low cost, environmental benign and more specific capacity than LCO systems [10] bination of Ni, Mn and Co elements in NMC crystal structure, as shown in Fig. 2
In the process of dissolving decommissioned lithium batteries, the valuable elements in the spent batteries are leached in the leach solution with organic or inorganic acids. Then the free Li, Co, Ni in the leaching solution are extracted in the form of oxides and salts by metal separation and extraction process. Taking Fortum company as an
batteries. The main objective of such technologies is to enable the recycling of valuable elements present in the batteries, such as cobalt, nickel and copper, in a way which is both profitable
The laboratory experience showed that the complete disassembly of a battery cell took 20 min . A summary regarding this category of publications can be found in Table 5. The analysis of the above-mentioned publications thereby highlights the fundamental challenges that exist in automated disassembly of LIBs.
As shown in Table 3, hydrometallurgy is the most widely used recovery process. This depends on the original intention of battery recycling process design, which is to utilize and resynthesize waste LIB materials to achieve a circular economy.
Recupyl company’s recycling process of decommissioned lithium batteries is carried out under the protection of inert gas mixture. The decommissioned lithium batteries are crushed and separated by magnetic separation to obtain the valuable metals needed.
The vast majority of them perform only the initial recycling stage. During this stage, depleted batteries undergo discharging, disassembly, and mechanical processing to produce a black mass. Additional recycling procedures are conducted at centralized hubs. The overall scheme of recycling procedures is illustrated in Fig. 3.
Safety in metallurgical processes requires the rational design of process units and operating parameters. From an environmental perspective, the significance of battery recycling lies in the circular economy and reduction in the ecological damage caused by industrial products.
Leaching agents such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, citric, oxalic, ascorbic, or malic acids are commonly used to dissolve metals from battery components . The choice of leaching agent depends on the specific metals targeted for recovery and the composition of the battery materials.
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